English Name:BIFENAZATE
Chemical Name:Isopropyl 3-(4-methoxybiphenyl-3-yl)hydrazinecarboxylate
Other Names:NC-1111;CRAMITE;D2341;FLORAMITE
Molecular Formula:C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₃
Molecular Weight:300.35
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Bifenazate is a biphenyl hydrazine acaricide. Its pure form appears as a white crystalline solid; solubility (20°C): 2.1 mg/L in water; in organic solvents (g/L): 24.7 in toluene, 102 in ethyl acetate, 44.7 in methanol, 95.6 in acetonitrile; partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Log Pow=3.5.
Toxicity:
The acute oral and dermal LD50 of bifenazate technical material in rats is >5000 mg/kg, acute inhalation LC50 >/L; non-irritating to rabbit eyes and skin; guinea pig skin sensitization test results indicate no sensitization. The maximum no-observed-effect level in a 90-day subchronic feeding study in rats: male rats at /kg.d, female rats at /kg.d; four mutagenicity tests: Ames test, micronucleus test, in vitro mammalian gene mutation test, and in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test were all negative, showing no mutagenic effects. The 480 g/L suspension concentrate of bifenazate has an acute oral LD50 in rats >5000 mg/kg, acute dermal LD50 >2000 mg/kg, acute inhalation LC∞ >2 mg/L; non-irritating to rabbit skin, irritating to rabbit eyes but not corrosive; non-sensitizing to guinea pig skin.
The 96h LC50 for rainbow trout with bifenazate 480 g/L suspension is /L, LD50 (7d) for zebrafish is /kg; 48h acute oral LD50 for bees >110 μg a.i./bee, acute contact LD50 > μg a.i./bee; LD50 for second-instar silkworms is /kg. When used on apple trees, this formulation is highly toxic to fish with high risk; moderately toxic to birds with low risk; low toxicity to bees and silkworms with low risk. Application should avoid water bodies such as rivers and ponds, and cleaning of application equipment in rivers and ponds is prohibited.
Mode of Action and Insecticidal Spectrum:
Bifenazate is a novel selective foliar spray acaricide. Its mechanism of action involves a unique effect on the GABA receptors in the central nervous system transmission of mites. It is effective against all life stages of mites, with ovicidal activity and knockdown activity against adult mites (48-72h), and has a long residual period. The residual period is about 14 days, and it is safe to crops at recommended dosage rates. It poses low risk to parasitic wasps, predatory mites, and lacewings.
Used on apples and grapes to control European red mites, two-spotted spider mites, and McDaniel mites, as well as two-spotted spider mites and Lewis mites on ornamental plants.
Formulations:
24%, 50% bifenazate suspension concentrate, 2.5% bifenazate emulsion in water