Different venues have varying requirements for toilet functions, so besides residential toilets, public toilets and latrines also emerged in ancient times. The appearance of ancient public toilets improved the public sanitation system of ancient society, enhancing the living conditions and environmental hygiene of the people. The frequent military campaigns in ancient times promoted the development of military camp toilets, as diseases caused by feces posed significant health risks when setting up camps in the wild. Therefore, ancient societies emphasized the sanitary management of toilets and had strict regulations for their construction.

In modern times, traditional public toilets developed in the Jiangnan region. Inside, they were equipped with long benches for sitting while using the toilet. The benches were designed with a higher back and a lower front, encouraging the user to lean forward. Multiple square slots were carved into the top of the bench, beneath which were the cesspits. Each slot was covered with a wooden board that could be lifted open backward.