The structural organization of bearing alloys consists of hard phase particles uniformly distributed in a soft phase matrix, or soft phase particles uniformly distributed in a hard phase matrix. Bearing alloys should possess good wear resistance and anti-friction properties; certain compressive strength and hardness; sufficient fatigue strength and load-bearing capacity; good plasticity and impact toughness; excellent anti-seizure characteristics; good conformability; effective embeddability; and high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Bearing materials are required to have a low friction coefficient with the shaft surface, minimal wear on the journal, the ability to withstand high specific pressure, a small expansion coefficient, and good corrosion resistance. For general-performance engines, bearing shells made of high-tin aluminum alloy offer a high performance-to-price ratio, making them one of the primary materials for internal combustion engine bearings. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the automotive industry, modern engine design is moving toward "high speed, high pressure, high power, and low energy consumption." Researchers have applied micro-nano technology in the field of special anti-friction alloy materials, developing microcrystalline alloy materials to meet specific performance requirements. Special microcrystalline bearing materials not only fill the domestic gap in anti-friction materials but also keep pace with global microcrystalline alloy technology in terms of material performance.