Overview

Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation technology that utilizes a selective (semi-permeable) membrane and uses pressure as the driving force. When the pressure applied in the system exceeds the osmotic pressure of the feed water, water molecules continuously pass through the membrane, flow into the central tube through the product water channel, and exit from one end. Impurities in the water, such as ions, organic matter, bacteria, and viruses, are retained on the feed side of the membrane and then discharged from the concentrated water outlet, thereby achieving separation and purification.
System Components

1. Pretreatment
Generally includes a raw water pump, chemical dosing device, quartz sand filter, activated carbon filter, precision filter, etc. Its main function is to reduce the pollution index, residual chlorine, and other impurities in the raw water to meet the feed water requirements for reverse osmosis. The equipment configuration of the pretreatment system should be determined based on the specific conditions of the raw water.
2. Reverse Osmosis
Mainly consists of multi-stage high-pressure pumps, reverse osmosis membrane elements, membrane housings (pressure vessels), brackets, etc. Its primary function is to remove impurities from the water, ensuring the effluent meets usage requirements.
3. Post-Treatment
This is an additional configuration when reverse osmosis alone cannot meet the effluent requirements. It mainly includes one or more devices such as anion beds, cation beds, mixed beds, sterilizers, ultrafiltration systems, EDI, etc. The post-treatment system further improves the quality of the reverse osmosis effluent to meet usage standards.
4. Cleaning
Primarily consists of a cleaning tank, cleaning pump, and precision filter. When the reverse osmosis system becomes contaminated and the effluent indicators no longer meet requirements, cleaning is necessary to restore its efficiency.
5. Electrical Control
Used to control the normal operation of the entire reverse osmosis system. This includes instrument panels, control panels, various electrical protections, and electrical control cabinets.