Softening Water Equipment Workflow:

Work Sequence:

Five processes: operation, backwashing, brine draw slow rinse (regeneration replacement), brine tank refill, and fast rinse. The procedures for different softening water equipment are very similar, but some additional steps may be included due to variations in actual processes or control requirements. Any sodium ion exchange-based softening water equipment is developed on the basis of these five processes.

A. Operation (Work) Raw water, under a certain pressure (0.1-0.6MPa) and flow rate, passes through the multi-port valve chamber and enters the container (resin tank) filled with ion exchange resin. The sodium (Na) contained in the ion exchange resin replaces the cations (Ca2?, Mg2?, Fe2?, etc.) in the water. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions are discharged through the wastewater outlet of the multi-port valve, achieving the softening of hard water.

B. Backwashing After the ion exchange resin becomes saturated and ineffective, backwashing is performed with water from bottom to top before regeneration. The purpose of backwashing is twofold: ① It loosens the tightly packed resin layer from operation, facilitating full contact between resin particles and the regenerant; ② It removes suspended solids and broken resin accumulated on the resin surface with the backwash water, preventing the water flow resistance of the softening water equipment from increasing.

C. Brine Draw Slow Rinse (Regeneration Replacement) The regenerant, i.e., saturated brine, enters the resin tank and flows through the resin layer. The sodium (Na) ions in the high-concentration brine solution replace the adsorbed calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions in the resin, which are discharged through the wastewater outlet, restoring the adsorption capacity of the exhausted resin. After the brine is drawn, there is still unused brine in the softening water equipment that did not participate in the regeneration exchange. It is rinsed with clean water at a flow rate less than or equal to that of the regenerant (slow rinse) to fully utilize the regeneration effect of the brine and reduce the load of the fast rinse.

D. Brine Tank Refill The multi-port valve, controlled manually or by time, injects water into the brine tank to prepare the amount of brine required for one regeneration.

E. Fast Rinse The purpose is to remove residual waste regenerant brine from the resin layer. It is typically rinsed at the normal flow rate until the effluent meets the standards.