Main Classifications of Inverters

1. Central Inverter

In photovoltaic power station systems larger than 10kWp, multiple parallel photovoltaic strings are connected to the DC input side of the same central inverter. The main characteristics of this type of inverter are high efficiency and low cost.

Large central inverters (single unit 500kW, 630kW, 1MW) can be directly connected to the medium-voltage grid (10kV or 35kV) through a medium-voltage transformer, reducing AC-side cable losses and improving power generation efficiency.

2. String Inverter

Solar panel modules are connected into several parallel strings, with each string connected to a separate inverter, forming a "string inverter." Each string grid-connected inverter has an independent power tracking unit, thereby reducing the mismatch between the operating point of the solar panel modules and the inverter, as well as losses caused by shading, and increasing power generation. Depending on the photovoltaic modules, the maximum power of string inverters is generally within a few kilowatts.

The nameplate capacity of central inverters ranges from hundreds of kilowatts. If inverters with smaller single-unit capacities are selected, the number of devices increases, and the unit cost is relatively higher, resulting in higher initial investment and later maintenance costs. However, if the inverter capacity is too large, a failure in the inverter can lead to significant power generation losses in the system.

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